관계대명사편
사람 => Who, that
사물, 동물 => Which, that
관계대명사 중에 1)목적격 관계대명사 와 2)주격 관계대명사 중에 다음에 be 동사 가 오는 경우만 생략 가능
선행사 |
주격 |
소유격 |
목적격 |
사람 |
who |
whose |
whom(who) |
동물,사물 |
which |
whose, of which |
which |
사람,동물,사물 |
that |
|
that |
사물(선행사포함) |
what |
|
what |
1. 주격
1) who
She is Susan + Susan likes some coffee.
=> She is Susan (who, that) likes some coffee.
2) which
(1) This is the watch + It was mad in korea.
=> This is the watch [ (which was) made in korea. ]
= This is the watch made in korea. (주격 + be 동사일때 생략가능)
(2) She remembered the video + The video had made the class cry
=> She remembered the video which had made the class cry.
3) what
We must do the thing + It is right.
=> We must do the thing which is right. (이때 which is 생략가능)
= 선행사(the thing) + 관계대명사(which) 는 what 으로 바꿔줄 수 있다.
= We must do what is right. (우리는 옳은 것을 해야한다.)
2. 목적격
1) The man was a famous poet + We met him in the park.
=> The man [ (whom생략가능) we met in the park ] was a famous poet.
= The man we met in the park was a famous poet. (목적격 생략)
2) The fish is still alive + I cought it yesterday.
=> The fish [ which I cought yesterday ] is still alive.
= The fish I cought yesterday is still alive. (목적격 생략)
3) I like the dog + Tom gave it to me.
=> I like the dog [ that Tom gave to me ]
= I like the dog Tom gave to me. (목적격 생략)
3. 소유격
1) We know the girl (선행사) + Her brother lives in France.
=> We know the girl (whose brother lives in France.)
우리는 프랑스에 살고 있는 오빠가 있는 그 소녀를 안다.
2) Look at the mountain + The top of it is covered with snow.
=> Look at the mountain [of which the top is covered with snow]
= Look at the mountain [whose the top is covered with snow.]
3) 주의구문
(1) Do you know whose bicycle She borrowed yesterday ?
(그녀가 어제 누구의 자전거를 빌렸는지 너는 아니?)
=> 여기서 whose 는 의문형용사로 bicycle 을 수식
=> She borrowed 는 관계대명사 절 (앞에 bicycle을 수식)
(2) Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor ? (그 소년의 아버지가 의사라는 것을 너는 아니?)
=> 여기서 whose 는 관계대명사로 ( 그 소년의 아버지 ) 로 해석
4. 관계부사
관계대명사처럼 선행사를 가지고 접속사와 부사의 역할을 한다.
|
선행사 |
전치사 + 관계대명사 |
관계부사 |
|
시간 |
the time, the day |
in/at/on which |
when |
|
장소 |
the place, the house |
in/at/on which |
where |
|
이유 |
the reason |
for which |
why |
|
방법 |
the way |
in which |
how |
선행사 + 관계부사를 같이 쓰지 않는다. |
1) how
Tell me the way + you learned English in the way
한문장으로 => Tell me the way which you learned English in (which 는 생략 가능)
= Tell me the way in which you learned English (형용사절)
바로 위에 문장에서 in which는 특별히 생략가능하다.
왜냐면 in which 가 how 라는 관계부사로 변경할 수 있는데,
how는 the way 라는 선행사 뒤에 쓸수 없기 때문이다.
선행사를 제거하거나 how 만을 사용해서 쓸수 있다.
= Tell me how you learned English (명사절)
= Tell me the way you learned English (형용사절) => in which(how) 를 생략했을때
2) where
(1) This is the house + He was born in it.
한문장으로 => This is the house [ (which) he was born in ]. => 이때 which만 생략가능
= This is the house [ in which he was born ]. => 이때 in which 는 생략불가!
= This is the house where he was born. (in which => 관계부사 where 이용)
= This is the house [ (that) he was born in. ] => 이때 that 만 생략가능
= This is the house in that he was born. (x) => 관계 대명사 that 앞 전치사 x
*. 주의사항
I like him in that he has a lot of money.
여기서 in that 은 관계대명사가 아니고 접속사 이다.
in that s + v ~ : ~ 라는 점에서
(2) This is the house + Mary lives in it.
한문장으로 => This is the house in which Mary lives.
= This is the house where Mary lives.
3) when
4) why
5. 제한적(=한정적) 용법 , 계속적 용법
1) 제한적(=한정적) 용법 - 뒤에서 부터 해석한다.
I have two sons who became doctors. 나는 의사가 된 2명의 아들이 있다. ( 의사는 아니지만 아들이 더 있을수도 있다는 의미..)
2) 계속적 용법 - 앞에서 부터 순서대로 해석한다. (선행사 보충설명)
(1) 주격 => who, which 만 사용, that 사용 불가
I have two sons, who (= and they) became doctors. 나는 아들이 2명 있는데, 그들이 의사가 되었다. (아들이 총 2명이라는 의미)