1) 명사절 - that, if/whether ....
주어, 보어, 목적어 자리에 온다.
That he said is true. (주어)
My hope is that I become a doctor. (보어)
I know that he is a doctor. (목적어)
I don't know if he will come. (나는 그가 올지 안올지 모른다.)
= I don't know whether he will come or not.
2) 부사절
(1) 시간
when = as : ~할때
while = : ~하는 동안
after : ~한 후에
before : ~전에
ex) While I was walking in the street, I met on old friend of mine.
(2) 이유
because = as : ~이기때문에
ex) Because he was sick, he was absent from school.
ex) Because I got up late, I was late for school.
ex) As I have no money, I can't buy it. (돈이 없기 때문에 그것을 살 수 없다.)
(3) 조건
if : ~라면
ex) if you turn to the right there, you'll find the building.
* 조건을 나타내는 부사절에서는 미래x => 현재 시제
(4) 양보
Though, Although - ~임에도 불구하고
Even if, Even though - 심지어 ~임에도 불구하고
ex) Though I live next to his house, I don't know him.
(5) 목적 (~하기 위해서)
to부정사의 부사적 용법
=>I study hard to pass the exam. (나는 시험에 합격하기 위해서 열심히 공부했다.)
(to부정사구)
부사절로 변환
( that + 주어 + may + 동사원형)
=> I study hard (so) that I may(=can) pass the exam.
=(in order)
(6) 결과
* so + 형용사/부사 + that ~ : 너무 ~해서 that 이하이다.
= such + 명사 + that ~
활용) too ~ to + 동사원형 = so ~ that + 주어 + can't + 동사원형 => 너무 ~해서 ~할수없다.
ex) He is so young that he can't go to school. (그는 너무 어려서 학교에 갈 수 없다.)
(부사절)
3) 형용사절 - (관계대명사, 관계부사)